以及
yǐ jí HSK 5

English Meaning

📚 Example Sentences

我喜欢苹果、香蕉以及橙子。
Wǒ xǐhuan píngguǒ, xiāngjiāo yǐjí chéngzi.
I like apples, bananas, as well as oranges.
他学习中文、英文以及数学。
Tā xuéxí Zhōngwén, Yīngwén yǐjí shùxué.
He studies Chinese, English, along with math.
我们需要水、食物以及衣服。
Wǒmen xūyào shuǐ, shíwù yǐjí yīfu.
We need water, food, as well as clothes.
我买了苹果以及香蕉。
Wǒ mǎi le píngguǒ yǐjí xiāngjiāo.
I bought apples as well as bananas.
他喜欢茶以及咖啡。
Tā xǐhuan chá yǐjí kāfēi.
He likes tea and coffee.

💡 Memory Tip

Think of 以及 as 'and furthermore'—it adds extra items in a formal list. Break it down: 以 (yǐ) means 'to use', and 及 (jí) means 'to reach', so together they 'reach' additional points.

📝 Usage Notes

It is primarily used in formal, written Chinese (e.g., reports, articles, official documents) and less common in casual speech. It often appears in contexts listing multiple elements, such as in business, academic, or administrative settings, to add supplementary information.

📖 Grammar Points

Used to connect parallel elements in a sentence, often in the pattern 'A、B以及C'. It can link nouns (e.g., '书、笔以及电脑'), phrases, or even clauses, and usually precedes the last item in a list.

🏯 Cultural Notes

In formal Chinese writing, using 以及 adds a tone of professionalism and precision, making it common in legal, business, and academic documents to ensure clarity in enumeration.

🔄 Similar Words

Compared to 和 (hé, informal 'and' for nouns), 以及 is more formal and can connect longer phrases. Unlike 还有 (háiyǒu, 'also has', more conversational), 以及 does not imply possession and is more structured.

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